The Relationship Between Grete And Gregor Samsa English Literature Essay

The Relationship Between Grete And Gregor Samsa English Literature Essay Franz Kafkas The Metamorphosis was first published in 1915. The short story depicts the struggle of a family trying to cope with the insect transformation of the antagonist, Gregor. While there are multiple themes displayed in Kafkas text, the relationship between Gregor Samsa and his younger sister, Grete, is perhaps one of the principle themes in this short story. Once a close and loving relationship between Gregor and his sister, their bond slowly erodes over time as she grows older and the family matters continually worsen on account of Gregors metamorphosed appearance. In the second section of the story, after Gregors transformation, Grete is the only one of the family members to attempt to care for Gregor and seemingly really sympathize with his condition. Gregors Mother is shocked by his appearance, she cannot bear to see him, and his father is hostile and violent toward his son. Although still fearful of his new insect form, Grete still shows genuine affection for Gregor and on her own makes the decision to care of him consequently making her the only one to face Gregor on a daily basis. She feeds him and takes careful notice of what his new appetite prefers. In order to discover which foods Gregor liked and disliked, she brought him a wide selection that she spread out on an old newspaper. There were old, half-rotten vegetables, bones left over from the evening meal covered with congealed white sauce, a few raisins and almonds, some cheese that Gregor had considered inedible two days ago, a slice of dry bread, a slice of bread and butter, and a slice of bread and butter with some salt (pg. 290). Gregor greatly appreciates this as he is able to show his sister what foods he really does enjoy. Aside from becoming the self appointed caretaker of Gregor, Grete also assumes the role of Gregors spokesperson to the family. After attending to Gregor in the evening she had to give a detailed report about how the room looked, what Gregor had eaten, how he had behaved [that] time, and whether perhaps some slight improvement was noticeable (pg. 294) Grete serves as the only link between Gregor and the mother and father. Gregor is very grateful for his sisters intricate care and he feels quite comfortable as an insect with high hopes that everything will return back to normal. In an attempt to again accommodate Gregors new needs, Grete decides it would be best to remove the furniture in his room in order to allow more crawling space for him. After convincing her mother this is a good course of action, they decide to remove the furnitu re while the father is not present due on account he may disapprove or violently interfere. Although Gretes actions were of good intention, her plan ends in disaster when Gregor attempts to stop the removal of his furniture and shocks his Mother provoking his father to attack and injure him. Thus ensues a great severance in Gregors relationship with his sister. Signs of change in Gretes demeanor and behavior toward Gregor are first seen toward the end of the second section in the story. Grete undoubtedly begins to forget that this insect is her brother and that he still manifests human feelings and desires. She becomes less sensitive in her actions when attending to Gregors den as it is now referred to. In one paragraph, Grete is shown frantically tearing the window open to allow fresh air into the dank and musty air filled room. She seems to even become less tolerable of her brothers appearance over time. On one occasion she came a little earlier than usual and caught Gregor as he was looking out the window, motionless and terrifyingly uprightà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.but not only did she not enter, she also actually jumped back and shut the door (pg.294). Completely inconsiderate of her brothers feelings she has made it known to him that she can no longer bare the sight of his insect form. Gregor in a selfless act to save his sister from having to see him takes on the daunting four hour task of draping the sheet over the couch he hides under thus hiding him from anyones view. Even the first words You Gregor, (pg. 297) spoken by Grete to Gregor are those of anger and distaste with a raised fist after the mother had fainted at the sight of her son. After the events on that night, the family increasingly becomes more morose and distracted to pay much attention to Gregor. 4 In the third section, Grete, has earned a job as a salesgirl and begins to neglect taking proper care of Gregor. When feeding him she [no] longer [considered] what might give Gregor some special pleasure, the sister now quickly pushed any old food into Gregors room with her foot before she rushed off to work both in the morning and at noon; then in the evening, not caring whether the food had only been nibbled at or -most frequently left completely untouched (pg.302). Grete, now working, puts her other tasks first and foremost before her brother suggesting he has become less important to her, that he is no more than a nuisance in the household. Gregors room is even described as filthy with the walls and floor covered in grime and dust and although it is Gretes duty to clean the room it is done so in a manner so careless and with such great haste that it makes little or no difference. Gregor annoyed and angered by the state of his room would stand in particularly offensive corners wh en the sister came in as if intending to reproach her (pg. 302). He is quickly becoming more hostile toward Grete who now regards Gregor not so much as he brother but more of a routine chore. The arrival of the three boarders prompts the family to carelessly throw any unwanted items into Gregors room where they pile up around him allowing very little movement. His sister is now much more occupied assisting her mother and father with other chores and pleasing the boarders who are very specific and particular. Grete, along with her mother and father, has seemingly forgotten about Gregor by now. Gregor lies in his room amidst the junk and garbage during the day now, his true metamorphosis into a horrifying insect nearly complete. One night, after the family and the three boarders have finished their dinner he hears the sound of Grete playing her violin from the living room. Attracted to the beautiful playing of the violin, he ventures out from his room hardly 5 surprised that he had recently begun to show so little concern for others; previously such thoughtfulness had been his pride (pg. 304). Gregor has grown shameless and inconsiderate similar to his sister. As he makes his way out to the living room to better hear the violin, he has strange disillusions of reconciling with his sister and taking her to his room to play violin for him. He imagines telling his sister hes sending her to the Conservatory to study music and that [she] would burst into tears of emotion, and Gregor would raise himself up to her shoulder and kiss her on the neckà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (pg. 305). There is still hope residing within Gregor that he can set things right and have the relationship with his sister he once had. Whilst imagining all of these false fantasies he is spotted by one of the middle boarders who is so disgusted by the sight of him declares he refuses to stay there any longer along with his two companions. This is the moment in which Grete has finally had it with Gregor and ultimately betrays him. Grete even abstains the use of her brothers name when she cries to her parents I refuse to utter my brothers name in the presence of this monster, and so I say: we must try to get rid of it (pg. 306). Gregor is no longer referred to by name or even he. He becomes it, not a person, but a thing. Grete no longer sees any human left in her insect brother, [if] this were Gregor, he would have realized long ago that  human beings cant live with such a creature, and hed have gone away on his own  free will (pg. 307). Upon Gregors arrival to his room, his fate is sealed with Gretes turn of the key locking him within his room to die. In his final moments Gregors thoughts focus back to his family with tenderness and love. His conviction that he must disappear was, if possible even stronger than his sisters (pg. 308). He peacefully comes to terms with his sisters actions and dies within the early ho urs of the morning. 6 While Gregor has undergone and fatally suffered his metamorphosis, the family is now free to prosper and can now look forward to the hopeful future of Grete for she had blossomed into a good-looking and well-developed girl (pg. 310). Although Gregors physical appearance had changed, his personality remained the same. Grete on the other hand had changed also, not only in looks but in her personality as well. Once a loving sister, she eventually comes to seemingly hate Gregor, and condemn him. She has evidently replaced Gregor in the family being the new young and responsible child with a bright future like Gregor once had. Ironically the family he had wished and worked so much for especially Grete had ultimately caused him his demise. Gregor had planned to give Grete a bright future and see that she was successful in her pursuits, but when he needed her most, she had abandoned him. Although Gretes neglect, abuse, and lack of care for Gregor had killed him, he still died peacefully w ith unconditional love for her.

Planning marketing activities Essay

Conduct a situation analysis for your organization, or an organization you have researched, by preparing a report with the following sections: Organizational analysis The first component is the expansion of the gaming audience and drawing in new people. The company’s most recent endeavour, the Wii console has been very successful in attracting user who traditionally would not have played video games. Another example of how they have expanded their audience is through the Nintendo DS. They were able to appeal to the female audience through the Nintendo’s game, and were able to appeal to an older audience through the Brain Training game. The second component of the vision is devotion to the entertainment business. This is reflected by the company’s attitude to the collaboration of its employees. The company is a strong advocate of allowing different employee groups, such as engineers and programmers. The result of this collaboration is that groups work on products and no single person takes credit for product. The third aspect of the company’s vision is risk and the encouraging of employees to make creative decisions to c hallenge the notion of what a video game is capable of being. Customer analysis: Identify the major customer segments by preparing the following analysis (for each complete only the section relevant to your organization and add any others you feel are relevant). What does the customer buy from the organization? Demographic characteristics a) Age b) Gender c) Income Where does the customer come from? a) Local b) Regional c) National Psychographic characteristics a) Social class b) Lifestyle c) Values Benefits are sought by the customer a) Safety b) Performance c) Aesthetics d) Social Has the customer purchased the product from the organization before? a) Yes b) No How frequently does the customer buy? a) Daily b) Weekly c) Monthly How much does the customer buy each time? New releases Is the customer loyal to the brand? Yes How does the customer decide which brand to buy? For technology and History Where does the customer prefer to purchase the product or service? Retail Store Competitor analysis: Analyze each major competitor against the following criteria. Name of competit-or Current or potential competit-or Direct or indirect competit-or Product/service offerings Market position/brand image Size, growth and market share Competi- tive advantage Brand image and market position Xbox Current Direct Games 28% connectivity Online games Sony Current Direct Games 33% Resolution State-of-art graphics Apple Current Indirect Tablets & iPhones 3% Integrated w/ mobile Practical & useful Political analysis Filibustercartoons.com state that Nintendo’s previously had strict policy in relation to video game violence and sexual reference. In the early 1990’s Nintendo had a strict no blood policy and refused to publish violent video games. This policy has since been relaxed and video game censorship is now run by independent boards which give games appropriate age rating depending on their content. These include The Pan-European Game Information (PEGI) age rating system. The system was established in 2003 to guide parents in making informed decisions when purchasing video games for their children (Pan European Game Information, 2007). Nintendo still does not publish graphical violent games themselves, but allow third party publishers to release the games on their systems. Economic analysis If a country’s economy is performing well, people will generally have a higher level of disposal income. In order to be successful a high disposal income is not enough there needs to be an interest in the market. Nintendo selling their products at the lower end of the price scale makes their product affordable to large audience including those who do not enjoy a strong disposal income. This is not the case for Sony who products tend to be quite expensive as seen with the â‚ ¬630 price tag on the Playstation 3, which is possibly too expensive for the average person. Nintendo on the other hand, sold the Wii at a more affordable â‚ ¬270 price tag. The same applies for the games for the system. The Wii games range from 45-60 Euro and the PS3 games can cost up to â‚ ¬75. Social analysis Video games have been part of adolescent life world wide now for several years. Many teenagers play video games together both online and at home together. In some cultures especially Japan, video games formed a significant part of young people’s lives. Nintendo is using this to appeal to a wider audience with the Wii and the DS by providing an online community where friends can link up and play games together free of charge anywhere there a Wi-Fi hub. Nintendo is also trying to make video games an activity that an entire family can take part in and for the most part have been  successful. Technological analysis Web Browser for the Nintendo DS: InternetAdSales.com (2006) writes that a Wed browser for Nintendo’s DS was launched in Europe on 6th October 2006. The browser is powered by software from the Opera Company. The device is designed in a similar fashion to a standard DS game cartridge and is available in two versions; one is compatible with the classic Nintendo DS and the other is designed for the smaller DS Lite. The browser utilises the DS’s two screens for navigating the web in addition to providing the touch capabilities unique to the DS. Users may access the Internet via wireless networks at home, at one of Nintendo’s free Wi-Fi Connection Hotspots, or at any public access hotspot. Wii Remote (â€Å"Wiimote†): BBC (2006) states that the remote for Nintendo’s Wii console resembles a television remote control and provides users with the means of interacting with a game environment. It can be utilised to stab like a sword, steer like the steering wheel of a car, and swing like a tennis racket. Nintendo have created this new controller in the hope that it will allow for the broadening of the console’s appeal. The device functions through a three-axis accelerometer, i.e. a motion sensor, which is capable of detecting the angle at which the controller is being held at and how fast it is being moved. It interfaces with the Wii console in a wireless manner via Bluetooth, a short-range wireless technology. This interface is achieved through a senor bar, which is generally mounted on top of the user’s television. Nintendo DS Wireless Technology: Mobile Technology News.com (2007) writes about how the Nintendo DS allows users to interact with games in an unprecedented way via the dual screens and touch screen technology. In addition to this, the wireless technology feature of the DS permits users to experience real-time multiplayer gaming. The Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection service, which is free, allows users to compete against other users from around the world. SWOT analysis: Complete a SWOT analysis using the diagram below Internal analysis STRENGTHS †¢ Strong network of game licensees †¢ Strong global market position †¢ Had strict policy in relation to video game violence and sexual reference †¢ Innovation in Remote in Blu-ray WEAKNESSES †¢ Nintendo’s policy of having a large number of its game titles designed by the company’s own game designers †¢ Wii doesn’t play DVDs/Blu-rays External analysis OPPORTUNITIES †¢ Opening up its software to a wider audience. THREATS †¢ The company claims that the motion-sensitive controller can be copied. †¢ The Wii controller resembles a television remote and has a trigger under the front end. Market analysis: Market definition Market size and growth rate. Nintendo’s contenders in the portable market are the Game Boy and the DS. Over the years, the Game Boy has faced competition from companies such as Sega, Atari, SNK, Bandai, Nokia and now Sony. Even with rival’s machines been technically superior, Nintendo’s handhelds have come out on top time and time again. Nintendo proved with the Game Boy and now the DS that it is not what you have it is how you use it that counts i.e. instead of adding fancy graphics and numbers of additional unnecessary features, Nintendo spent its time securing key franchises such as pokemon and Tetris. They also greatly increased their machines’ battery life. Nintendo’s handhelds  over the years have boasted battery life of up to 15 hours depending on how the machine was used compared to 3 hours or less form Sega’s and Atari’s machines. This was due to the unnecessary battery hogging feature competitors’ machine featured. This has helped Nintendo domin ate the portable market for close to 18 years. Today the Nintendo DS out sells the Sony PSP in all regions. Part B 1. Prepare a report analyzing the marketing activities, policies and procedures of your organization or an organization you have researched. Price The price of games is quite interesting. Nintendo uses a series of pricing strategies throughout the product life. As the product becomes adopted they will begin to reduce the price of competitive parity, and as you reach the end of their life cycle games will be priced promotionally until they hit the bargain bucket. Place The product is distributed in a number of ways. Nintendo manufactures and distribute it to retailers through wholesalers for you. Some very large national accounts will be handled directly because of the huge volumes they buy. Nintendo is available on the street in all major electrical retailers and games, as well as being sold online by known retailers like Amazon.com and play.com, and you can find one or two second-hand bargains on eBay. with.Distribution is ripe for Nintendo and there are few avenues for the market they do not pursue. Promotion When Nintendo launches new products. For example, when the company launched the Nintendo 3DS, a series of special days of release, and even some launch events at midnight. Fans of Nintendo product has a chance to have a go at the new Nintendo system, first buyers get a free box of transportation, and there is always free gifts such as shirts and caps. The launch campaign demonstrates a great effort by Nintendo. For example, over 85% of audience  in the UK saw the Nintendo 3DS called campaign believe his eyes. The campaign itself was emphasize the benefits of 3D experience. The campaign was a mash up of consumers who experience the product and innovative advertising. 2. Analyze the previous marketing activities of the organization and evaluate the effectiveness of each activity. Previous marketing activity Effectiveness Launch of SuperNintendo Highly effective. It put Nintendo in the first positions of videogame console makers Launch of Nintendo 64 Highly effective. The console and its control were considered great innovations. Launch of Nintendo Wii Highly effective. Nintendo Wii was a true innovation in the world of games with its blu-ray technology and the idea of making people move their bodies rather than just their fingers. Launch of Nintendo DS / DS 3D Effective. Nintendo DS was seen by some as a reformulation of the previous GameBoy and therefore not so effective. However, Nintendo DS 3D was considered highly innovative as it allowed the users to enjoy the 3D effects without having to use any other gadgets (i.e: 3D glasses). Intercommunication among Nintendo DS 3D Effective. It allowed different users to connect their videogames and share data as well as interact. 3. Classify the organization’s current marketing strategy as either a cost-leadership, differentiation or focus strategy. Differentiation 4. Explain how this strategy affects the marketing activities the organization will use in the future. Instead of competing for lower prices, Nintendo seems to continuously search for new usages and technologies, in order to maintain its position as a leader and innovator. 5. Analyze the current marketing mix. Marketing mix element Analysis Product Feature Benefit/s Wii Console In two different colors (but it can be customized if wanted) Smaller than its competitors Considered fashionable Wii Remote Blu-ray technology It allows motions and real activity Games No violence or sex-related topics are allowed A wide range of choices Price Prices charged for the organization’s products and services Around AU$190.00 Organization’s prices strategy Nintendo’s strategy is in differentiation, always trying to bring something new for their costumers and therefore, their price strategy conveys with it. Promotion Promotional tools used by the organization Internet, Printed media, Television, Outdoor Media, Promotions and Events, etc. Organization’s promotional strategy Nintendo uses all range of media to promote their products. Placement Type of distribution channel – direct or indirect Mainly indirect, via retailers, shops, department stores, etc.

High School Cliques - 808 Words

Every school has cliques; small groups of people with similar interests who hang out exclusively with one another. But are cliques harmful to the high school environment? The definition of a clique can go down to a specific detail and its effect has a wide range. Cliques tend to stay on the negative side, so is the 5% of positivity enough to keep high school a safe environment? The classification of cliques is based off of the labels students are given. Labels are usually given to students in middle school and they only get stronger and more detailed throughout high school. Students are labeled and the cliques that accept them are based off of that label. For example, a girl that has a poor reputation and has been labeled â€Å"easy† would join a group of â€Å"players† or other girls that have been labeled the same as her. A guy that is in band, enjoys school, and has straight A’s would get the label â€Å"geek† or â€Å"band nerd† and he would sti ck to the clique the band students have formed. The cause of cliques is a teens craving for emotional satisfaction. A teen gets a feeling of belonging once they’ve been accepted in to a clique. Another cause is a teen’s personality, which leads in to common interests: sports, shopping, school work, band, drugs, alcohol, etc. â€Å"Judging and being judged have always been an unofficial part of the high school curriculum and it increases the chances of cliques† and â€Å"To fit in is important biologically; we live in groups and we want to fit in and when aShow MoreRelatedHigh School Cliques896 Words   |  4 PagesCliques in Schools High school has always been a tough time for most teenagers. It is a time when classes are harder, schedules are tighter and most students are twice as mean. 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Fighting for freedom and mol ding to the staggering state of affairs, students have mastered separationRead MoreEssay about High School Cliques1205 Words   |  5 PagesHigh School Cliques High school cliques are typical during teenage years, giving members a feeling of acceptance and belonging. But I believe that cliques conversely damage a teen’s self esteem. The high school should get involved in helping all students feel more â€Å"socially included†. How can a student feel like they socially fit in? It is the responsibility of the high school to create an atmosphere for the student body which promotes acceptance and inclusion of other kids, allowing kidsRead MoreTaking a Look at High School Cliques569 Words   |  2 PagesIn high school surviving is the hardest things to do, when anyone first come there. The best thing to do is finding a clique of people and join them. 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Modern Human Birth-Practices Emerged As The “Obstetrical

Modern human birth-practices emerged as the â€Å"obstetrical dilemma† altered our lineage. Birthing positions varied as the pelvic anatomy became narrowed and cranial size increased, making human parturition difficult and problematic, particularly for infants in breech position. The neonates of our early hominid ancestors could fit easier through the birth canal because the dimensions of their cranium were smaller than mother’s pelvic inlet or the pelvic inlet was more spacious. In humans however, the fetal head is both longer in width and height than the maternal pelvic inlet, requiring the infant to face a specific direction when entering the birth canal (Rosenberg Trevathan, 2002). The variations in fetal positioning, especially if†¦show more content†¦The use of midwives was believed to be practices of â€Å"old country† and seen as dirty and ignorant. People thought hospitals were more sterile and safe, providing trained medical assistance if need ed. The specific practices of each model can impact fetal and maternal outcomes and sway the sacred experience of childbirth. The traditional â€Å"hospital† model of birth exhibits a perspective viewing birth as a medical event, relying heavily on technology. Women often believe in the science, trusting the doctor’s knowledge and ability to monitor and deliver her child. However, the heavy reliance on technology can consciously or subconsciously convince women they are incompetent and don’t know how to birth. The â€Å"midwife† model hopes to give power back to the women and expose the unnecessary medical procedures and interventions of birthing care in hospitals. Midwives embrace the intuitive knowledge of mothers, as well as their own intuition from personal experiences and training. They strongly believe in women trusting their bodies, being interactive and allowing it to do what it is supposed to do. The traditional â€Å"hospital† model is generally lead by medical professionals who decide the processes of childbirth and have protocols to follow. Rather than letting the woman’s body move through the stages of birth naturally, births can be scheduled and are often quick to use medical interventions. These sometimes unnecessaryShow MoreRelated‚Äà ºa Contemporary View on Health Care System in Bangladesh.‚Äà ¹14806 Words   |  60 PagesBeing a non medical background some time face some problem to understand technical terminology and frequently needed explanation and further study. CHAPTER - 2 Bangladesh: National Health Status 2.0 Location and Geography Bangladesh was emerged as an independent and sovereign country in 1971 following a nine months war of liberation. The country is one of the largest deltas of the world with a total area of 147,570 sq km. Being a low-lying country it stretches latitudinal between 20 º34 Read MoreNursing Essay41677 Words   |  167 PagesProfessor of the Practice, University of North Carolina School of Public Health, Raleigh Catherine Dower, Associate Director of Research, Center for the Health Professions, University of California, San Francisco Rosa Gonzalez-Guarda, Assistant Professor, School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami David C. Goodman, Professor of Pediatric and of Community and Family Medicine, Children’s Hospital at Dartmouth, The Dartmouth Institute for Policy and Clinical Practice, Hanover, NH Jennie

Social Injustice In The Story Of An Hour - 1181 Words

The Impact of the Social Injustices in â€Å"The Story of an Hour† Paulina Wright Davis, a women’s rights reformer in the nineteenth century, once said â€Å"we believe that a woman’s enforced inferiority in the marriage relation, not only wrongs her out of the best uses of her existence, but also cheats her master of the richest and noblest blessings of the nuptial union† (qtd. in Wayne, â€Å"Women Reformers†). This is what women, like Mrs. Mallard, dealt with during their lifetime. Much of what happened during this period of time paved the way for the freedoms women have today. â€Å"The Story of an Hour† shows the impacts that these injustices had on the women in the nineteenth century. Marriage significantly limited women’s freedom during the nineteenth†¦show more content†¦As quoted in the same article Lucy Stone said Marriage is to woman a state of slavery. It takes from her the right to her own property, and makes her submissive in all things to her husband (qtd. in Wayne, â€Å"Women Refor mers†). These were the hardships and restrictions that Mrs. Mallard dealt with while both she and her husband were alive. The freedoms of a single woman are much greater than that of a married one. When a woman is widowed, as Mrs. Mallard would have been, she becomes free from the restrictions put on her by marriage. She may handle legal work for herself because she will no longer be legally covered by her husband. Single and widowed women also have more opportunities to earn money because they are not just a housekeeper anymore; they have to take care of themselves and their families. (Wayne, â€Å"Single Women†). Not only are there more money earning opportunities, but there are also more educational opportunities available (Wayne â€Å"Single Women†). Since they are free from their wifely duties, they have the opportunity the further their education if they choose to do so. Other than her sister and her husband we don’t know much about Mrs. Mallardâ⠂¬â„¢s family. There is no evidence in the story of Mr. and Mrs. Mallard having any children. Mrs. Mallard is described in the story as â€Å"young, with a fair, calm face, whose lines bespoke repression and even a certain strength† (Chopin 129). Since they were a young couple, it is possible theyShow MoreRelatedSocial Injustice in the Film In The Name of The Father Essay799 Words   |  4 PagesSocial Injustice in the Film In The Name of The Father A hot topic that always draws an interested ear to the conversation is ones views on social justice. The mere mention of the words draws people from far and wide and from all mixes of society. The main problem seems to come up when people really dont know what social justice issues face their society and the rest of the world. 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Childhood Constructions Free Essays

Childhood is the period of time stretching from infancy to adolescence (teenage) stage of life. Issues, theories and concepts have been put forth attempting to put some meaning to childhood. For instance the modern society perceives children as passive and surviving at the mercies of the wider society. We will write a custom essay sample on Childhood Constructions or any similar topic only for you Order Now Adults do not seek to learn anything from the children and they assume that childhood is a period meant to transform kids into dependable adults. There is a need to view childhood differently to be able to respond positively to their needs and to understand the stage as crucial in helping us understand adulthood and humanity in general. As a matter of fact, childhood experiences, plays a vital role in shaping the later stages of life. Childhood is perceived as a social structure, which determines the ideal institutions where proper childhood development would be ensured. Generally, social structures offer both opportunities one is exposed to and limitations are determined by a child’s socio-economic background and its physical endowments (Stearns, 2003). A child in ideal situation is expected to have two parents who provide everything and ensure moral uprightness. The child is given enough time to relax and has siblings. The parents are expected to provide security and facilities for play. Parents commence preparations for the infant long way before the mother delivers the kid. However, in terms of childhood development, from a historical perspective, the early American society never celebrated infancy. Childhood was characterized by missing parental care, high rate of infant mortality. There was not time for taking the kid through all the stages of growth and development. Where parents were missing due to reasons like death, young children were charged with the task of taking care of the others. However, good morals were upheld all through. Child labour was prevalent as well as early marriages. In the late 1700s and early 1800 there was growing concern on childhood. Between 1840s and 1900s socio-economic changes taking place revolutionized the ideal of child upbringing. Parents became more concerned about children; they started emphasizing on child education. A scientific aspect was incorporated in child rearing whereby child development was closely monitored. Racial concerns arose. Industrial development led to improved standards of life and reduced childhood deaths. However, some children especially of immigrant families were still in slavery. These children were poorly treated subjected to much work and not allowed to go through formal education. Some children ended up in orphanages where proper care was ensured. Other children went missing and still others would end up dying. In the twentieth century children were regarded as of economic value. They offered cheap labour earning highly needed wages in the family. There was a rising need to occupy the kids with work to discourage laxity. In the contemporary society children are perceived as of less economic value. Infact childhood is regarded as an economic liability. Children, spend more of parents’ financial resources than they contribute to the same. Young children’s perception of things in the US and the world at large has been subjected to a number of influences. Their access to information materials and gadgets like TV, video and computer exposes them to a wide field of knowledge. These triggers and stimulate a mental process that generates a diversified perception of issues to do with life. For instance, programmes on TV and videos showing modern family life would touch issues like children rights. Children acquire knowledge on family issues like the role of parents in a family, career, and family conflicts among other issues at a very tender age. It is not amazing to realize that some programmes highlighting crucial family issues like divorce, separation, child abuse appear on screen long way before the kids succumb to sleep. As a matter of fact, the media has made the children to feel like they are their own caretakers. It is worth noting that in some programmes, adult voices and perceptions have been superimposed on very young children. Romantic movie clips and actual programmes are not rare on TVs in the early evening hours. This most assuredly influences children’s perception of issues to do with sexuality, love, hate and social conflicts. In some movies, a character commits suicide, murder or causes chaos in their attempt to either express themselves or to get out of trouble. All these happenings are bound to model the character and personality of children since they are also exposed to similar circumstances in this world. No wonder cases of young snipers have been reported in the recent past in our society. The greatest challenge and risk is that parents and guardians cannot exercise full control over what their children go through and their exposure to information materials. Children can virtually access any information anywhere even if they are denied access at home. Due to social-economic problems some parents have ended up in serious conflicts. A man and his wife settle scores physically when reason fails to avail solutions for their pressing issues. This has exposed many children to utter violence and most of them perceive this world as a harsh and chaotic place and some develop aggression in their bid to conquer life’s challenges. Other end up violent when their tactics fail to work. Children face challenging and conflicting situations both at home and away from home. With increasing social-economic challenges, children of the world are exposed to situations that influence their character and personality very early. Many parents who are especially keen on child development are very anxious and rather troubled due to the deteriorating morals and social values. Evil is inculcated in children’s lie s at very early stages of child’s development and some caretakers are simply watching desperately as their children vanish in the mire of moral rottenness. Parents and guardians are increasingly concerned about the eventualities given the direction the current (modern) society has taken. For instance, drug use and abuse at childhood stages. Drug use is a commonplace thing in schools. It is a matter of great concern since a drug addicted young generation spells doom to the future of the society. Lack of sobriety among the youths would result to stagnating social-economic systems. The other nagging issue is about the dwindling interest in schooling. Children seem to pursue entertainment and quick money earners at the expense of a formal system of learning, which incorporates all aspects of human growth development. This produces a dull; dump and unrealistic clique that would lack the remotest idea of how to progressively run the socio-economic aspects of our society. Fun centers are always congested. Youngsters are pursuing fame and money (wealth) at all costs in some instances with dire consequences. The young generation seems to be dragging the entire society into Hades. Learning institutions seem to design their programmes to suit the whims of the learners this basically being a result of constant expression of fear and anxiety by parents whose children’s performance grow dismal. The fear by the parents is that the children are bound to develop disinterest in education if their performance worsens. There is an increasing desire to score high grades and join better and highly ranked higher learning institutions. Those who fail to measure up resort to entertainment parlors. A mention of physical growth, fitness or posture would cause some emotional tremor. This is an issue of great concern among Americans. High economic development rate has made many young people afford high calorific foods. Eating habits have changed and cases of obesity have been increasing day after day. However, the increasing concerns about the issue of body size, weight, posture and fitness is the reason behind the fast rate of growth of the fashion beauty and modeling industry. This raises a myriad of questions about the extent to which the children should be allowed to make decisions about their physical and emotional development. Most parents are extremely anxious about the developments that may arise during the course of growth and development of their children. Streets trodden by youngsters struggling to bear massive weight are commonplace in America. The issue of physical development among other social challenges affects a child’s self esteem. For instance, an obesed child is likely to develop low self-esteem. Poor academic performance would also have similar effects on the self-esteem of a child. Parents are especially concerned about eating habits of their children but it still remains an evasive issue since many eateries are being put up offering high calorie and very attractive foods. What leads the youngsters to such eating habits and poor dietary programmes remains a very tricky puzzle. As the parents battle with the issue of food, one would point an accusing finger at them since some abandon their duty as mothers at very early stages of child development. For instance, some due to careers quit breastfeeding a couple of days after delivery. The responsibility of feeding the child rests squarely on baby sitters, some of who might either lack crucial knowledge on proper diet or others out of defiance dump unhealthy foods into the child’s tummy. A child graduates to teenage with the same problem. Boredom is a feeling that would quite well describe the emotional orientation of most youths in our society. Every formal system seems to be a bore to the young generation. Schoolwork is boring and many are reluctant to pursue higher education. Parents are very much concerned about the amount of homework assigned to the children. On one hand the children feeling bored by the too much task given by the teachers to be tackled at home by the children; on the other hand, the parents feel that too much homework denies them control over the activities performed by their children during their time with them at home. Teachers still feel that they have an obligation to steer learning among the children to greater heights. How a compromise would be struck given the above situations remains a hard nut to crack. This concern revolves around not only the issue of homework assigned by teachers to children but also around other chores both at home and away from home. The government is on very high alert concerning issues to do with child labour. The problem is how to determine what amounts to child labour. Determining how much work a child should be given at home and elsewhere is an issue to be debated upon. With the growing enlightenment on children rights is bound to be a bone of contention. However, hiring of children to work in the manufacturing and processing industries remains out of question and punitive measures should be meted on whoever commits such a disorderly thing. A great deal of anxiety rests in the hearts of parents and guardians when an issue of special needs arises. How such children are handled matter a lot. There is a need for more schools that can handle such cases. But parents are more concerned about their welfare. Children with both physical and mental disadvantages are not easy to cater for and the number and capacity of the institutions handling such might not be adequate and this has been the essence of parental concerns. Another issue arises when a consideration is made on whether to surrender the disabled children or other children with special needs full time to such special institutions or part timely. With the busy parent schedules this becomes a big issue. Children are also exposed to traffic risks. How roads and streets are manned determines how safe or unsafe children can be on the roads. Children use roads frequently on foot either from schools or other events and occasions. Road safety for children is an issue of concern among parents. Issues range from delays in traffic snirl-ups to accidents both in public service vehicles or private cars. Though rare, parents are also afraid in case a child sneaks a car out of the homestead. Concerns about children safety do not only arise on the roads but also at home and elsewhere. Safety in the house, on the compound and away from home arouses great concern among parents. Parents strictly and keenly monitor the activities of the children whenever they are around them. At times they are concerned about the punitive measures taken by teachers against the children. Another issue about safety arises when a babysitter comes into the scene. Fear engulfs parents concerning the level of safety a babysitter would ensure on children. Babysitters might not have a deep emotional attachment to the child. Negligence by a babysitter would pose a safety risk and also physical and psychological anomalies. There is also a risk of child abductions. Parents are afraid of situations whereby after allowing their children to move around freely, they end up under the custody of strangers who later turn up demanding hefty amounts of cash before they release them. This is not uncommon with the escalating crime levels. Other concerns include infant sexual exploitation. There have been a number of cases of infant sexual exploitation in the American society. The worst is when a close relative is implicated in the vice. Children are constantly exposed to such dangers, especially with the weakening social ties and parents busy schedules which rob them of the opportunity to constantly and consistently monitor their children’s activities. Many self-confessed victims of sexual harassment have brought to our attention the looming danger. The society has almost reached a state of moral decantation. Some people seem to have lost their sense of reason. Children below five years of age have fallen victims. Other concerns that leave parents torn between issues touch the areas of toilet training. How it is conducted at that tender age determines the psychological development of the child. Some parents lose their patience when the child turns out to be a slow learner. This according to psychoanalysts tends to behavioral maladjustments later in a child’s life. This again raises the issue of whether or not the mother is the one charged with the responsibility of conducting the exercise. Babysitters are known to be harsh especially when the children are unco-operative. However some mothers subject their children to harsh toile training. Many parents are usually anxious about how fast their children learn to control their bowel movements. Another issue of paramount concern is breast-feeding. The stage of growth and development at which an infant is weaned (or stops breastfeeding) contributed a great deal to the physical and psychological development of the infant. A child who stops breastfeeding early than expected is likely to develop poorly physically and psychologically. This also tampers with the emotional attachment between the child and the mother and the child is likely to develop defiant behaviour later in life. Parents are afraid and anxious about future development of their children given their early administration of bottled foods. The changing social structures coupled with the negative publicity carried out by the media have also caused too much anxiety among parents. Family ties are weakening and many parents are opting for divorce or separation. Children are majorly the sufferers. Media never ceases to feature movies that uphold violent behaviour and crime. Infact movie stars are perceived even by youngsters, as heroes who murder many and commit the vilest things. Children have their role models in movies. Romantic movies are filled with scenes portraying hatred, jealousy, obscenity, murder, suicide and revenge. The young children are adopting the same negative traits and some are living out the characters they see in the movies. Family feuds are not rare occurrences in our society. To sum up, childhood development and child upbringing are issues that parents are very much concerned in America. Parents face numerous anxious moments in their efforts to bring up their children in the most ideal conditions and ways. Readership of publications highlighting issues concerning childhood is growing tremendously as parents battle with the challenges they encounter in control over their lives of their children. The wider society on the other hand has a major role to play in shaping the character of the young. There is a tag of war as the two scrambles for control. Parent’s concerns and anxiety is genuine and valid. Every adult in the US should feel responsible for the upbringing of the upcoming young generations. The media should be instrumental in promoting proper childhood development by designing programs that uphold acceptable childhood behaviour as well as educating all childhood social institutions on the most ideal ways of bringing up children. And the government should provide structures that promote proper childhood development. A central issue that has been raised over time is about childhood innocence. In the earlier times infants were perceived as innocent. However with the emerging issues in the society and exposure of sexual materials by the media, children are exposed to sexual issues and abuse at tender stages of growth and development. One would wonder whether children are innocent as earlier perceived or not. The society, including media should feel responsible for shaping childhood. The fashion industry should be more responsible to admit the right ages. A fairer comparison should be drawn between children and adults. Children should be enlightened on their right, and the dangers and risks they are exposed to. Much light should be she on the existing opportunities available for the children to fully exploit their talents. How to cite Childhood Constructions, Papers

Business Organsation and Policy

Questions: Assignment Task On April 24 2013, 1134 people were killed and 2,500 were injured when the Rana Plaza building in Savar, Bangladesh collapsed on top of garment workers inside its factories. It would be known as the worst accident in the garment industry anywhere.This happened only five months after a horrific fire at a similar facility prompted leading multinational brands to pledge to work to improve safety in the countrys booming but poorly regulated garment industry.Labour groups, Western clothing companies, the Bangladeshi government and others have made some progress toward preventing similar tragedies, but more still needs to be done.There was never any doubt that improving working conditions in Bangladesh, one of the worlds poorest countries, would be incredibly difficult. The collapse of Rana Plaza was just one, though by far the worst in a series of industrial accidents in Bangladeshs garment industry, which has become one of the biggest exporters of clothes to the United States and Europe b ecause of its low wages.It was later discovered that 28 brands that sourced clothes from the plaza included Primark, Bennetton, Mango, Matalan and Bonmache, prompting public concernabout the working conditions of garment factories around the world which contribute to western high street fashion stores.Ethical consumerism encourages people to think about how the products they buy are sourced and produced which are not harmful to the environment and society. This can be evidenced through simply purchasing eggs that are free-range or boycotting goods/companies which promote child labour or unsavoury working conditions.Ethical consumerism is a growing market. A recent report from the Co-operative Bank showed a third of UK consumers claiming to be concerned about ethical consumption, with a large number of the public willing to challenge and boycott companies which do not comply with ethical standards.You are required to write an analytical business report that covers the following tasks : 1. Discuss the ways in which companies, like the ones mentioned in the extract above, that sourced clothes from the Rana Plaza can help improve business practices to prevent recurrence of events of this nature. 2. Choose any company, research and evidence how they operate ethically, taking into account their approach to consumerism, values and environmental friendliness. Answers: 1. Practices of ethical consumerism and the issue of Rana Plaza in Bangladesh. As defined by, Kind and Poltera (2013) ethical consumerism is a process of buying and using products and services from a company. However, adding ethical means that the produced goods and services will never harm the environment, society and the people of company or the society. Practice of ethical consumerism means that, the company never harms the workers and the produced goods of the company also will not harm the workers of the organization. Consumers should also be conscious about the fact that, from where and how the goods are produced and sourced for them. Practice of ethical consumerism involves by producing organic foods, fair price and fair trade goods. The produced goods should not exploit child worker also. Business companies should keep enough facilities to the employees. Companies have no right to exploit the workers and harm them also (Lewis and Potter, 2013). However, Meisler (2014) stated that, people are tending more towards the ethical products. They have become very choosy about the products and services of several organizations. Especially, for the countries of first world, like United Kingdom, America has emphasized more to the ethical goods. Various reports have showed that, the people of U.K have become concerned about the ethical products. They also have started to boycott those companies who do not produce ethical goods. People have become more conscious about the safety of the workplace. Therefore, consumers often boycott those companies who encourage the practice of child labor and bad condition of work to the workers of the particular organizations (). As stated by, Michalos (2013) ethical practices also involve with the practices of providing more safety to the workers of the organization. Every companies of business should also be aware about maintaining the relationship with the workers of the organization. They should be treated like members of family. Workers of a company should get safe as well as productive and harmless environment from the company as well as the work practices of the company. A company should also maintain the relationship with the suppliers and manufactures of the company. The company should maintain the initiatives of ethical trade among the suppliers and manufactures of the organization. On the other hand, Parboteeah and Cullen (2013) stated that, ethical practices of a company should involve monitoring the performance of the suppliers in order to identify the key problems and issues of the organization. Several business companies address the problems of the organization. Many companies build capability in order to avoid the specific issues of the workers of the organization. These practices therefore help to the company for working effectively among the complex situation of the organization. Principles and values should be maintained by the organization in order to provide ethical trade to the workers of the organization as well as the consumers of the product or service of the organization. As stated by, Poruthiyil (2013) ethical practices of an organization helps to maintain an effective relation with whole group of stakeholders of the organization. In the case of Rana Plaza, 1134 workers have been killed and more than 2500 people have been injured due to major collapsed of the building in Bangladesh. This incident is the worst incident within the garment industry. Before this incident, an incident of devastating fire also has been broken in this country. More than 28 brands of Western countries have been sourced from the Rana Plaza. Those companies are Primark, Mango, Bennetton, Bonmache etc. However, it is very sad incident that, this Rana Plaza contribute in the market of high street fashion of several developed countries while the condition of this plaza in the developing countries are so poor. The working condition and the infrastructure of the manufacturing industry of Bangladesh are very poor; therefore, this incident should not be neglected by those companies who take advantage from this plaza. Basically, Tlaiss (2013) stated that, countries like United kingdom, America easily get workers from this developing countries by paying very low wages to the workers. Here have been many incidents about the fire breakage or poor working conditions in these developing countries. However, some Non Governmental groups, Government of Bangladesh and some Western companies of clothing have taken some initiatives for the development of the clothing manufacturing industry of Bangladesh. However, these initiatives are not sufficient for the proper development of the garment industry. These initiatives also do not produce ethical practices. Safety of the workers has been deprived in this garment factory. However, those Western companies should provide enough fund and other elements for providing various initiatives of ethical trade (Schreurs et al. 2013). According to, Koumpis (2013) Primark is one of those companies who try to maintain effective corporate social responsibility by delivering some works for the people of developing countries. However, for the case of Rana Plaza, consumers often have been started to refuse the products of Primark as the work safety of their workers in Bangladesh have been disturbed. Therefore, Primark should take some initiatives for building effective as well as efficient practice of ethical trade by giving work safety and atmosphere to the workers of Bangladesh and other countries where they have their suppliers and manufactures or the workers. Primark often put various types of no governmental initiatives for the people of the developing countries. Therefore, Primark should take initiative for the sufferer by providing medical and financial aid (Hudson et al. 2013). By taking these initiatives, people of Rana Plaza should overcome the issues. Compensation should be given by those companies whose products are sourced from Rana Plaza. Several contracts have been signed within the government of Bangladesh and the organization. Fire and building safety measures should be taken by the companies. Several initiatives from the western companies should be taken for the purpose of making effective building that has the fire protection capacity, CCTV facility etc. Funding is really essential for the building effective infrastructure of the garment factory of Bangladesh. Apart from these, they should ensure the fact that, the building where clothes are manufactured are well protected and well equipped. Those companies should consider the demand of the workers also. They should be aware about the fact that, no female is harassed by any person in any circumstances (Hudson et al. 2013). 2. Ethical practice of Unilever Corporation. Unilever Corporation is a multinational company that produces and delivers various types of consumer products worldwide. This company has merged with different small companies of various developing countries. Products of Unilever involve foods, products of personal care, cleaning goods and beverages. It has many brands and all those brands are often recognized as producer of ethical products and goods. This company delivers products those are environmentally and socially effective with positive impact (Unilever.co.id, 2015) According to, Hamelin et al. (2013) Unilever Corporation delivers its effective function of business for health and safety. This company has taken various initiatives for maintaining the work and safety of the employees. It has maintained strong potential of building effective products for the environment and safety of the people. Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre (SEAC) therefore assures the sustainability of the products and the manufacturing process of the organization. Unilever applies latest technology in order to produce products. It has maintained interaction with global scientist in order to know about their products while meet the needs of the environment or not (Unilever.co.uk, 2015). Unilever Corporation ensures safe work place for the employees. SEAC ensures that the used chemicals of Unilever are safe for the environment. They do not taste the products to animal in order not to harm the animals. On the other hand, Hamelin et al. (2013) argued that, Unilever is a company that tries to respect and promote human rights and effective labor practices among the employees of the organization. Core value of this company is to respect the rights of human with value. Unilever has made partnership with different labor organization and civil society organization to promote human rights of the employees of this company. In order to ensure ethical trade in the business United Nation has given some guidelines those also provide guidelines for protecting the rights of the human. Key elements of those guidelines are commitment, integration of the policies of the business organization and proper and effective implementation of those policies with the suppliers, remediation through mechanism of grievances (The Guardian, 2015). Several initiatives have been taken by Unilever in order to promote various initiatives of ethical trades among the consumers and employees and society also. Those are stated by (Ferrell et al. 2014) as follows: Freedom of association and collective bargaining: Unilever has enabled the rights of the workers within a decent condition of working atmosphere. Rights of the workers are involved in the fundamental rights of International Labor Organization. Living wages: The concept of Living Wages is one of the most conflicted terms. Often various NGOs debate about the concept of living wages. Unilever therefore provides living wages against the recognized wages and the benchmark of poverty. Their take home pay structure often meets the demand and basic need of the workers. Hour of working: Unilever provides extra wages of its workers at when the workers do overtime job for meeting the predetermined level of production of the company. There is no grievance mechanism within the work of organization. In order to analyze and explain the process of ethical trade of Unilever, the guideline of United Nations have been compared by the author in order to understand the action of Unilever does meet the expectation of those guidelines or not. As argued by (Firth et al. 2013) Unilever thus has made commitment towards its role of social and environmental responsibility within the global perspective. This organization also has made commitment for ensuring effective labor and human rights to all the employees of this particular organization. Unilever has acquired a Unilever Sustainable Living Plan in order to ensure effective sustainability to the business operation of this company among the competitive sector of market. While making commitment to the effective working atmosphere to the employees and god practice of consumers, labor rights are not entertained by the company. However, this company has made the commitment to ensure good working environment to the workers (Fatic, 2013). On the other hand, Gunderson (2013) stated that, labor practice is till often misunderstood by the workers. They have no clear idea about the rights of them. Working practices of Unilever often promote excessive working hour and precarious work to the laborers within the supply chain network of Unilever. Internal tracking mechanism is not there that helps to manage risk within the system of business. There is lack of internet reporting mechanism that helps to cover the effectiveness of dealing with several issues of labor. However, Unilever has shown an effective level of transparency that helps to engage with different types of stakeholders of the organization (Ethicalconsumer.org, 2015). However, Unilever has made an effective and significant commitment to the social and corporate responsibility towards the employees. Unilever has taken various initiatives in order to promote sustainable business within the structure of the organization. They promote ethical products to the consumers. They have taken various initiatives in order to promote safe and motivated work environment to the employees of the organization. Conclusion As stated by, Fatic (2013) an ethical consumerism can be defined as the choice of consumers by the information of particular issues of ethics. Often consumers buy products or services those are not manufactured by using child labors, manufacturing goods by destroying animals or environment etc. Therefore, Henn (2000) argued that, ethical consumerism can be called as the key driver of various types of ranges for the approach of ethical trade. Ethical consumerism can provide an alternative approaches to the business. Ethical consumption of the consumers has been increased that every companies are trying to provide ethical goods for the consumers. Recommendation: Good infrastructure for the workers in the organization Business Company should look after the well being of the employees Business Company should look after that the workers are not harassed in the workplace Company should not include any child labors in order to complete the whole job Reference list Books Ferrell, O., Fraedrich, J. and Ferrell, L. (2014). Business ethics. [s.l.]: Cengage learning. Granville, B. and Dine, J. (2013). The processes and practices of fair trade. New York: Routledge. Lewis, T. and Potter, E. (2013). Ethical Consumption. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Parboteeah, P. and Cullen, J. (2013). Business ethics. New York, NY: Routledge. Journals Cuat, V., Gine, M. and Guadalupe, M. (2013). Corporate Governance and Value: Evidence from Close Calls  On Shareholder Governance Proposals. Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, 25(1), pp.44-54. Fatic, A. (2013). Corruption, corporate character-formation and "value-strategy". Filoz drus, 24(1), pp.60-80. Firth, M., Gong, S. and Shan, L. (2013). Cost of government and firm value. Journal of Corporate Finance, 21, pp.136-152. Gunderson, R. (2013). Problems with the defetishization thesis: ethical consumerism, alternative food systems, and commodity fetishism. Agriculture and Human Values, 31(1), pp.109-117. Hamelin, N., Harcar, T. and Benhari, Y. (2013). Ethical Consumerism: A View From the Food Industry in Morocco. Journal of Food Products Marketing, 19(5), pp.343-362. Henn, W. (2000). Consumerism in prenatal diagnosis: a challenge for ethical guidelines. Journal of Medical Ethics, 26(6), pp.444-446. Hudson, M., Hudson, I. and Edgerton, J. (2013). Political Consumerism in Context: An Tlaiss, H. (2013). Determinants of job satisfaction in the banking sector: the case of Lebanese managers. Employee Relations, 35(4), pp.377-395. Meisler, G. (2014). Exploring emotional intelligence, political skill, and job satisfaction. Employee Relations, 36(3), pp.280-293. Michalos, A. (2013). 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